Name Balidwipa ( island ) began to be found in various inscriptions , including the inscription Blanjong issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in 913 AD and mentioning the word Walidwipa . It is estimated that around this time that Subak irrigation system for rice cultivation began to be developed . Some religious and cultural traditions also began to develop at that time.
Majapahit Empire (1293-1500 AD ) who are Hindus and centered on the island of Java , had founded the kingdom of subordinates in Bali around the year 1343 AD It was almost across the country are Hindus , but with the coming of Islam stood Islamic kingdoms in the archipelago , among others, led to the collapse of Majapahit . Many nobles , clergy , artists and other Hindu community when it withdrew from Java to Bali .The Europeans who first discovered Bali is Cornelis de Houtman from the Netherlands in 1597 , though a Portuguese ship had previously been stranded near the Bukit peninsula , Jimbaran , in 1585 .
Dutch through the VOC also began to implement the occupation of the land of Bali, but continue to get resistance, so until the end of the power of their position in Bali is not as solid as their position in the Java or the Moluccas . Starting from the northern region of Bali , since the 1840s the Netherlands has become a permanent presence which was originally done by pit - sheep of various rulers of Bali that mutual trust each other . Dutch major attack by sea and land against the Sanur area and was followed by the Denpasar area .
Bali party who lost in numbers and armaments do not want to experience shame for surrender , thus causing the war to the death titk bellows or war involving all the people both men and women including the king . An estimated 4,000 people were killed in the incident , although the Netherlands has ordered them to surrender . Furthermore , the Dutch governors who ruled only a few gave its influence on the island , so that local control of religion and culture generally does not change .Japan occupied Bali during World War II and then a military officer named I Gusti Ngurah Rai Bali forming forces ' freedom fighters ' . Following the Japanese surrender in the Pacific in August 1945 , the Dutch promptly returned to Indonesia ( including Bali ) to re-establish its colonial rule as a state before the war .
This was opposed by the forces of resistance Bali who was using Japanese weapons .On 20 November 1945 , fighting broke out PUPUTAN Margarana that occurred in the village of Marga , Tabanan , Bali middle . Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai aged 29 , led his troops from the eastern region of Bali to carry out attacks to death on the Dutch armed forces . All members of the battalion Bali killed everything and make it as a last Balinese military resistance .In 1946 the Dutch made Bali as one of the 13 areas part of the State of East Indonesia was proclaimed , named as one of the rival state to the Republic of Indonesia which was proclaimed and headed by Sukarno and Hatta .
Bali then also incorporated into the United States of Indonesia when the Dutch recognized Indonesian independence on December 29, 1949 . In 1950, Bali officially leave perserikatannya with Dutch and legally became a province of the Republic of Indonesia .Mount Agung eruption that occurred in 1963 , had shaken the people's economy and led to many of the Balinese transmigrated to other areas in Indonesia .In 1965, along with the failure by the G30S coup against the national government in Jakarta , Bali and many other areas there was a crackdown against members and sympathizers of the Indonesian Communist Party . In Bali, it is estimated that more than 100,000 people were killed or missing .
Nevertheless, the events of the early days of the New Order until now has not succeeded disclosed by law .Terrorist attacks have occurred on October 12, 2002 , a bomb attack in the 2002 Bali Kuta Beach tourist area , causing as many as 202 people were killed and 209 others injured . Bali bomb attacks in 2005 also occurred three years later in Kuta and Jimbaran beach . These incidents received extensive international coverage because most of the victims were foreign tourists and causing Bali's tourism industry faces severe challenges in recent years .
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